法语语法轮盘

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Grammar Builder

"我在市场上把我的三本书给了她。" — 转动任意一个轮盘,看 法语 如何编码每一种变化。

Common questions about French

可以在法语轮盘上切换哪些内容?
主语(je、tu、il/elle、nous、vous、ils/elles),时态(过去、现在、将来),体(简单体、通过「être en train de」表示的进行体、用avoir/être的完成体),语气(直陈式、虚拟式、命令式),极性,语态,以及tu/vous语体切换盘。
轮盘如何处理虚拟式?
将语气切换为subjonctif会插入一个「que」从句并重写动词词干(parle → parle, sait → sache, a → ait)。轮盘同时显示触发词和变位动词,使两者之间的关联清晰可见。
在tu和vous之间切换时会发生什么变化?
代词互换,动词词尾从-es/-s变为-ez。作为正式单数的vous保持形容词为单数,而作为复数的vous则将配合变为复数;轮盘会标明当前是哪种用法。
为什么过去分词有时会带有-e或-es?
在être助动词以及有前置直接宾语的avoir动词中,过去分词与该名词的性数保持一致。切换主语性别或移动宾语会添加或移除配合词尾。
轮盘涵盖否定和附着词的位置吗?
是的。切换极性会在动词周围添加「ne…pas」,宾语代词(le、la、les、lui、leur、en、y)位于动词之前并在必要时省音。轮盘会根据你切换的顺序重新排列它们。

Sources for French

The grammatical descriptions on this page are informed by the following published reference and descriptive grammars. Grammatical facts themselves are not subject to copyright; the scholars who documented them deserve attribution.

  1. Grevisse, Maurice & Goosse, André (2008). Le Bon Usage, 14e éd. De Boeck. — The definitive French grammar reference ("the grammar bible"), continuously updated since 1936; ~1600 pp covering all aspects of French grammar with extensive examples from literary and contemporary sources. [via static/grammar-library/fra/grevisse-goosse-2008-bon-usage-14e.pdf]
  2. Riegel, Martin; Pellat, Jean-Christophe & Rioul, René (2011). Grammaire méthodique du français, 4e éd. Paris: PUF (Quadrige Manuels). — Major university-level reference grammar, widely used in French linguistics departments; comprehensive, methodical approach to syntax, morphology, and semantics. [via static/grammar-library/fra/riegel-pellat-rioul-2011-grammaire-methodique.pdf]
  3. Hawkins, Roger & Towell, Richard (2015). French Grammar and Usage, 4th ed. Routledge Reference Grammars. ISBN 978-1-138-85110-8. — Practical usage-focused reference grammar. [via static/grammar-library/fra/hawkins-towell-2015-french-grammar-usage.pdf]
  4. Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas & Jenkins, Fred (2006). French: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. [via static/grammar-library/fra/fagyal-kibbee-jenkins-2006-french-linguistic-intro.pdf]
  5. Detey, Sylvain; Durand, Jacques; Laks, Bernard & Lyche, Chantal (eds.) (2016). Varieties of Spoken French. Oxford University Press. — PFC project methodology and global French varieties. [via static/grammar-library/fra/detey-durand-laks-lyche-2016-varieties-spoken-french.pdf]

See all data sources and dataset-level citations for the broader bibliography.

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