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Amharic grammar wheels

Grammar Wheels

"I gave my three books to her at the market." — Change any wheels to see how Amharic encodes each shift.

Sources for Amharic

The grammatical descriptions on this page are informed by the following published reference and descriptive grammars. Grammatical facts themselves are not subject to copyright; the scholars who documented them deserve attribution.

  1. Leslau, Wolf (1995). Reference Grammar of Amharic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03372-X. xlv + 1044 pp. — Verb paradigms (compound imperfect §56, perfect §54), copula (§51), negation (§55.2), gerund (§59), relative clauses (§33), causative as- (§74), passive/reflexive tä- (§68), definite article (§38), direct object -n (§41), gender (§39).
  2. Leslau, Wolf (2000). Introductory Grammar of Amharic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-04271-0. xix + 232 pp. — Compound imperfect paradigm (§69), copula (§47), article (§37), gender (§38).
  3. Teferra, Anbessa & Grover Hudson (2007). Essentials of Amharic. Cologne: Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-573-4. — Past paradigm (Table 3.8), nonpast/compound imperfect (Table 3.10), negative forms (Table 3.9), converb (Table 3.13), causative (§3.7.8.1), passive/reflexive (§3.7.8.2), reciprocal (§3.7.8.3).

See all data sources and dataset-level citations for the broader bibliography.

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